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android/Android 코드

setContentView

Android 프로젝트를 생성하면 MainActivity 클래스의 onCreate() 메서드에서 setContentView() 메서드를 호출하는 코드가 기본으로 생성됩니다. setContentView() 메서드가 정확히 어떤 작업을 담당하는 것인지 알지 못한 채 그냥 "setContentView() 메서드에 전달한 Layout 파일이 파싱되고, View 인스턴스가 생성되겠지?" 라고만 생각했었는데, Android 의 View System 에 대해 좀 더 알고 싶어져서 과연 setContentView() 메서드는 내부적으로 어떤 동작을 하는지 분석해보기로 했습니다.

 

총 9단계로 setContentView() 메서드를 분석하였습니다.

 

1. MainActivity 가 상속받은 AppCompatActivity 의 setContentView 메서드를 호출합니다.

2. AppCompatDelegate class 를 상속받은 AppCompatDelegateImpl instance 에 setContentView 작업을 위임합니다.

3. ensureSubDecor() 메서드 내부에서 기존의 View tree 인 DecorView -> LinearLayout(screen_simple.xml root View) → FrameLayout(sreen_simple.xml android.R.id.content View) 에서 
DecorView → LinearLayout(screen_simple.xml 내의 root View) → FrameLayout(sreen_simple.xml 내에 선언된 View) → FitWindowLinearLayout(abc_screen_simple.xml 내의 root View 이며, subDecor) → ContentFrameLayout(abc_screen_content_include.xml 내의 root View 이며, android.R.id.content id 를 가진 View)
계층 구조를 생성한 후 기존의 contentView 인 FrameLayout 의 id 를 NO_ID(-1) 로 설정하고 새로운 contentView 인 ContentFrameLayout 의 id 를 android.R.id.content 로 설정합니다.
subDecor 라는 이름을 사용한 이유는 정확히 알 수 없지만 새로운 contentView 를 호스팅한다는 의미로 부수적인 DecorView 라는 의미로 subDecor 로 작성하지 않았을까 추측됩니다.

4. subDecor 하위의 View 중 android.R.id.content ID 를 가진 View(ContentFrameLayout)를 찾아서 연결된 모든 View 를 제거합니다.

5. R.layout.activity_main.xml 의 View 계층 구조를 inflate 하기 위해 LayoutInflater instance 의 inflate 메서드를 호출합니다.

6. tryInflatePrecompiled() 메서드를 호출하여 미리 생성된 CompiledView 클래스를 통해 View inflate 를 시도합니다. 

7. tryInflatePrecompiled() 메서드는 mUseCompiledView flag 가 true 인 경우 정상 실행됩니다.

mUseCompiledView flag 가 true 인 경우는 @TestApi 인 setPrecompiledLayoutsEnabledForTesting() 메서드가 실행된 경우입니다.
mUseCompiledView flag 가 true 인 경우에는 리플렉션을 통해 미리 생성된 CompiledView 클래스 파일의 inflate 메서드를 호출하여 View 를 inflate 한 후, inflate 된 View 를 contentView 에 attach 한 후 inflate 된 View 를 반환합니다.
mUseCompiledView flag 가 false 인 경우는 null 을 반환합니다.

8. tryInflatePrecompiled() 메서드를 통해 정상적으로 inflate 되었다면 해당 View 를 반환하며, inflate 하지 못했다면 R.layout.activity_main.xml 을 파싱할 XmlResourceParser instance 를 생성한 후 inflate 를 시도합니다.

9.  parser 를 root View 의 START_TAG(예: <ConstraintLayout>)을 가리키도록 이동 시킨 후 태그 이름을 가져온 후 태그 이름이 merge 인지 확인한 후 contentView 가 null 이거나 attachToRoot flag 값이 false 인 경우 InflateException 예외를 발생시킵니다.

태그 이름이 merge 가 아닌 경우 createViewFromTag() 메서드를 호출합니다. createViewFromTag() 메서드 내에서 tryCreateView() 메서드를 호출합니다.
tryCreateView() 메서드 내에서 AppCompatDelegateImpl instance 의 onCreateView() 메서드를 호출합니다.
onCreateView() 메서드 내에서 AppCompatViewInflater instance 의 createView() 메서드를 호출합니다.
createView() 메서드 내에서 switch-case 문을 통해 parser 를 통해 가져운 태그 이름에 맞는 구문을 찾은 후 해당 View instance 를 생성하여 반환합니다.(Material Theme 이 적용된 경우에는 AppCompat View 를 상속받은 Material View 가 생성하여 반환합니다.) 만약 태그 이름과 일치하는 case 문을 찾지 못했다면 null 을 반환합니다.
root View instance 를 정상적으로 생성했다면 재귀 호출을 통해 하위 태그들을 순회하며 모든 View instance 를 생성합니다.

 

 

결론

setContentView() 메서드의 코드를 분석하고 보니 왜 메서드 이름을 setContentView 라고 하였는지 알 것 같았습니다. 

해당 글에는 포함되어있지 않은 내용 중 하나는 정확히 분석하진 않았지만 ConstraintLayout 과 같은 기본 View 클래스가 아닌 것은 Reflection 을 사용하는 코드가 존재하는 것으로 보아 Reflection 을 통해 View 인스턴스를 생성하는 것이 아닐까 추측됩니다.

 

분석에 사용된 코드는 아래와 같습니다.

 

 

public class DataBindingUtil {
	public static <T extends ViewDataBinding> T setContentView(@NonNull Activity activity, int layoutId) {
		return setContentView(activity, layoutId, sDefaultComponent);
	}
	
	public static <T extends ViewDataBinding> T setContentView(@NonNull Activity activity,
			int layoutId, @Nullable DataBindingComponent bindingComponent) {
		activity.setContentView(layoutId);
		View decorView = activity.getWindow().getDecorView();
		ViewGroup contentView = (ViewGroup) decorView.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
		return bindToAddedViews(bindingComponent, contentView, 0, layoutId);
	}
}

 

 

AppCompatActivity 의 AppCompatDelegate instance 에 setContentView 작업을 위임합니다.

public class AppCompatActivity extends FragmentActivity {
	private AppCompatDelegate mDelegate;
	
	@NonNull
    public AppCompatDelegate getDelegate() {
		if (mDelegate == null) {
			mDelegate = AppCompatDelegate.create(this, this);
		}
		return mDelegate;
	}

	@Override
	public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
		initViewTreeOwners();
		getDelegate().setContentView(layoutResID);
    }
}

 

 

Activity 가 AppComppatActivity 를 상속받는 경우 기존 DecorView 이외에 ContentView 를 호스팅하는 SubDecorView 를 중간에 삽입하며 XML 파일을 파싱하여 View 를 inflate 하여서 ContentView 에 Root View 를 Attach 하도록 메서드를 호출합니다.

class AppCompatDelegateImpl extends AppCompatDelegate {

	@Override
	public void setContentView(int resId) {
		ensureSubDecor();
		ViewGroup contentParent = mSubDecor.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
		contentParent.removeAllViews();
		LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resId, contentParent);
		mAppCompatWindowCallback.bypassOnContentChanged(mWindow.getCallback());
    }
	
	@Override
    public View createView(View parent, final String name, @NonNull Context context, @NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (mAppCompatViewInflater == null) {
            TypedArray a = mContext.obtainStyledAttributes(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme);
            String viewInflaterClassName =
                    a.getString(R.styleable.AppCompatTheme_viewInflaterClass);
            if (viewInflaterClassName == null) {
                // Set to null (the default in all AppCompat themes). Create the base inflater
                // (no reflection)
                mAppCompatViewInflater = new AppCompatViewInflater();
            } else {
                try {
                    Class<?> viewInflaterClass =
                            mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(viewInflaterClassName);
                    mAppCompatViewInflater =
                            (AppCompatViewInflater) viewInflaterClass.getDeclaredConstructor()
                                    .newInstance();
                } catch (Throwable t) {
                    Log.i(TAG, "Failed to instantiate custom view inflater "
                            + viewInflaterClassName + ". Falling back to default.", t);
                    mAppCompatViewInflater = new AppCompatViewInflater();
                }
            }
        }

        boolean inheritContext = false;
        if (IS_PRE_LOLLIPOP) {
            if (mLayoutIncludeDetector == null) {
                mLayoutIncludeDetector = new LayoutIncludeDetector();
            }
            if (mLayoutIncludeDetector.detect(attrs)) {
                // The view being inflated is the root of an <include>d view, so make sure
                // we carry over any themed context.
                inheritContext = true;
            } else {
                inheritContext = (attrs instanceof XmlPullParser)
                        // If we have a XmlPullParser, we can detect where we are in the layout
                        ? ((XmlPullParser) attrs).getDepth() > 1
                        // Otherwise we have to use the old heuristic
                        : shouldInheritContext((ViewParent) parent);
            }
        }

        return mAppCompatViewInflater.createView(parent, name, context, attrs, inheritContext,
                IS_PRE_LOLLIPOP, /* Only read android:theme pre-L (L+ handles this anyway) */
                true, /* Read read app:theme as a fallback at all times for legacy reasons */
                VectorEnabledTintResources.shouldBeUsed() /* Only tint wrap the context if enabled */
        );
    }
}

 

 

미리 생성된 CompiledView 클래스가 있는 경우 XML Parsing 을 하지 않도록 하고, 미리 생성된 CompiledView 클래스가 없는 경우 XML Parsing 을 하여 재귀호출을 통해 XML 에 선언된 모든 View 를 인스턴스로 생성합니다.

public abstract class LayoutInflater  {
	public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {
		return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
	}

	public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
		final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
		if (DEBUG) {
			Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
				+ Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
		}
		
		View view = tryInflatePrecompiled(resource, res, root, attachToRoot);
		if (view != null) {
			return view;
		}
		XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
		try {
			return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
		} finally {
			parser.close();
		}
    }
	
    private @Nullable View tryInflatePrecompiled(@LayoutRes int resource, Resources res, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
		if (!mUseCompiledView) {
            return null;
        }

        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate (precompiled)");

        // Try to inflate using a precompiled layout.
        String pkg = res.getResourcePackageName(resource);
        String layout = res.getResourceEntryName(resource);

        try {
            Class clazz = Class.forName("" + pkg + ".CompiledView", false, mPrecompiledClassLoader);
            Method inflater = clazz.getMethod(layout, Context.class, int.class);
            View view = (View) inflater.invoke(null, mContext, resource);

            if (view != null && root != null) {
                // We were able to use the precompiled inflater, but now we need to do some work to
                // attach the view to the root correctly.
                XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
                try {
                    AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
                    advanceToRootNode(parser);
                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);

                    if (attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(view, params);
                    } else {
                        view.setLayoutParams(params);
                    }
                } finally {
                    parser.close();
                }
            }

            return view;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            if (DEBUG) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to use precompiled view", e);
            }
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
        return null;
    }
	
	
	public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
		synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
			Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                advanceToRootNode(parser);
                final String name = parser.getName();

                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                    System.out.println("Creating root view: "
                            + name);
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                }

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                    }

                    // Inflate all children under temp against its context.
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(
                        getParserStateDescription(inflaterContext, attrs)
                        + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;

                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
	

    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.R, trackingBug = 170729553)
    View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        // Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.
        if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
            final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
            final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
            if (themeResId != 0) {
                context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
            }
            ta.recycle();
        }

        try {
            View view = tryCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(context, parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(context, name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            return view;
        } catch (InflateException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(
                    getParserStateDescription(context, attrs)
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(
                    getParserStateDescription(context, attrs)
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        }
    }
	
	@UnsupportedAppUsage(trackingBug = 122360734)
    @Nullable
    public final View tryCreateView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull String name,
        @NonNull Context context,
        @NonNull AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
        }

        View view;
        if (mFactory2 != null) {
            view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        } else if (mFactory != null) {
            view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
        } else {
            view = null;
        }

        if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
            view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
        }

        return view;
    }
	
	void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
            AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;
        boolean pendingRequestFocus = false;

        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();

            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                pendingRequestFocus = true;
                consumeChildElements(parser);
            } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
                parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
            } else {
                final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }

        if (pendingRequestFocus) {
            parent.restoreDefaultFocus();
        }

        if (finishInflate) {
            parent.onFinishInflate();
        }
    }
}

 

 

태그에서 추출한 View 이름을 통해 실제로 View 인스턴스를 생성하는 역할을 합니다.

public class AppCompatViewInflater {
    @Nullable
    public final View createView(@Nullable View parent, @NonNull final String name,
            @NonNull Context context,
            @NonNull AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext,
            boolean readAndroidTheme, boolean readAppTheme, boolean wrapContext) {
        final Context originalContext = context;

        // We can emulate Lollipop's android:theme attribute propagating down the view hierarchy
        // by using the parent's context
        if (inheritContext && parent != null) {
            context = parent.getContext();
        }
        if (readAndroidTheme || readAppTheme) {
            // We then apply the theme on the context, if specified
            context = themifyContext(context, attrs, readAndroidTheme, readAppTheme);
        }
        if (wrapContext) {
            context = TintContextWrapper.wrap(context);
        }

        View view = null;

        // We need to 'inject' our tint aware Views in place of the standard framework versions
        switch (name) {
            case "TextView":
                view = createTextView(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "ImageView":
                view = createImageView(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "Button":
                view = createButton(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "EditText":
                view = createEditText(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "Spinner":
                view = createSpinner(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "ImageButton":
                view = createImageButton(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "CheckBox":
                view = createCheckBox(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "RadioButton":
                view = createRadioButton(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "CheckedTextView":
                view = createCheckedTextView(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "AutoCompleteTextView":
                view = createAutoCompleteTextView(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "MultiAutoCompleteTextView":
                view = createMultiAutoCompleteTextView(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "RatingBar":
                view = createRatingBar(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "SeekBar":
                view = createSeekBar(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            case "ToggleButton":
                view = createToggleButton(context, attrs);
                verifyNotNull(view, name);
                break;
            default:
                // The fallback that allows extending class to take over view inflation
                // for other tags. Note that we don't check that the result is not-null.
                // That allows the custom inflater path to fall back on the default one
                // later in this method.
                view = createView(context, name, attrs);
        }

        if (view == null && originalContext != context) {
            // If the original context does not equal our themed context, then we need to manually
            // inflate it using the name so that android:theme takes effect.
            view = createViewFromTag(context, name, attrs);
        }

        if (view != null) {
            // If we have created a view, check its android:onClick
            checkOnClickListener(view, attrs);
            backportAccessibilityAttributes(context, view, attrs);
        }

        return view;
    }
}

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